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Chemical treatment is the main solution for many internal pipeline corrosion problems. Corrosion inhibitors can be tailored to address internal corrosion environments including fluid phases, operating conditions, expected flow rates, and product chemical variations. Inhibitor injection systems should be carefully monitored and maintained to optimize the chemical treatment program. This system should be capable of reliably injecting accurate dosages all the time and every time.
Pipelines in water injection service are to be treated with oxygen scavengers to remove oxygen, scale inhibitors for preventing scale formation, and continuous injection of water corrosion inhibitor to prevent internal corrosion. The inhibitor residuals at the pipeline end should also be checked to confirm the corrosion inhibition rates are adequate. Certain organisms form slime-like biofilms that can protect underlying MIC-causing microbes. When slime is present, the biocide may not reach underlying organisms in direct contact with the pipeline wall. Continuous injection of a primary biocide, like sodium hypochlorite (NaOOCl), may be required to avoid slime formation. Intermittent biocide dosing may allow slime formation that subsequent biocide applications may not be able to penetrate, and then the slime layer can only be removed by pigging.
Sometimes, periodic shock dosing of two types of biocides is necessary to prevent MIC. Shock dosing is to be carried out only after removing existing slime by pigging. Biocides are used to eradicate microorganisms in pipelines. At least two biocides may be used alternately for better results and to reduce the bacteria developing immunity to the agents. Biocides can be injected in a batch process depending on the requirements. The effectiveness of the biocide can be tested in a laboratory using a timed killing test.
For example, if a pipeline is giving high bacterial counts, then the source of bacteria should be identified. If bacteria generation is occurring in the line, then treatment with biocide(s) in batch processes can solve the problem. If the generation is in the feedstock, some upstream equipment, like a tank, is the source of generation of bacteria and then some other strategy is required to mitigate the problem.
Pipelines for transportation of treated fluids and not typically chemically treated may not require any chemical treatment if the above-mentioned operational precautions are followed. Suggesting chemical treatment to a treated fluids line is an additional cost and needs to be justified to management.
